Doe v. Ali (Col. Tukeh)
Somalia: Torture and Crimes against Humanity Under the Siad Barre RegimeIN BRIEF | BACKGROUND | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
IN BRIEF
On November 10, 2004, CJA filed suit against a case against a high-ranking Somali commander, Colonel Yusuf Abdi Ali (nicknamed “Tokeh” or “Tukeh”) for torture, extrajudicial killing, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The suit aims to hold Tukeh responsible for direct acts of human rights violations as well as for abuse committed by soldiers under his command in northern Somalia in the 1980s. CJA represents two members of the Isaaq clan who were subjected to brutal torture and abuse by Tukeh and his troops. Due to concerns for their safety, both plaintiffs have elected to proceed anonymously as Jane Doe and John Doe.
The court administratively closed the case against Col. Tukeh in 2007, pending determination of the immunity issues raised by Yousuf v. Samantar. The case was reopened in October 2011, only to be stayed again pending the Supreme Court’s decision in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum.
BACKGROUND
The Siad Barre regime ruled Somalia from 1969 until it finally collapsed in 1991. Like all military dictatorships, the Siad Barre regime was intent on maintaining its power and, over the years, it adopted increasingly harsh measures to do so. In the years leading up to its eventual collapse, the Somali armed forces committed horrific atrocities – mass detentions of political prisoners, torture, and murder. They did so with particular ruthlessness in the northwestern region of Somalia, known today as Somaliland, and they targeted the majority clan in that region, the Isaaq.
In response to this brutality, a pro-democracy resistance movement emerged in the 1980s, calling itself the Somali National Movement, or the SNM. When the SNM advanced, soldiers of the Somali armed forces responded with targeted reprisals against ordinary people of Isaaq background. Government violence against Isaaq civilians escalated throughout the 1980s, reaching its peak in June 1988 when the Somali armed forces systematically executed thousands of innocent Isaaq people and buried them in mass graves in Hargeisa, the region’s largest city.
Yusuf Abdi Ali, a.k.a Tokeh or Tukeh, commanded the Somali National Army’s Fifth Brigade in the late 1980s, giving him authority over the remote northern town of Gebiley and the areas surrounding it. Eyewitness accounts suggest he willfully participated in the escalating violence against people of Isaaq heritage. As early as 1984, Col. Tukeh and his troops were terrorizing the local Isaaq population, conducting mass arbitrary detentions, subjecting people to cruel and inhuman treatment and torture, including starving and beating them, even killing them in mass summary executions. Col. Tukeh and his troops burned homes and ransacked the livestock of rural and nomadic people, and they plundered the wealth of city-dwellers with impunity. Read more…
The two plaintiffs in this case were both subjected to brutal treatment at the hands of Col. Tukeh:
Jane Doe was accused of assisting the SNM, a group opposed to the military regime. Soldiers under Col. Tukeh’s command brutally beat her while she was pregnant, and she subsequently miscarried. She was sentenced to death in a sham trial, but her sentence was commuted to life in prison. For the next six years, she was imprisoned in a windowless cell with thirty other women. Read more…
John Doe was also accused of assisting the SNM. He was tortured several times and subsequently interrogated by Col. Tukeh. During one of these interrogations, Col. Tukeh shot him five times and ordered his soldiers to bury him. As the soldiers carried him away, they discovered that he was not dead. They secretly agreed to accept a payment from John Doe’s family in exchange for his release. Read more…
